Guide to tags
Knowledge Production
Testimony and oral history This tag highlights moments where Afro-Peruvian women speak about their lives, experiences, and perspectives. These include narrations of personal experiences.
Ancestral memory
This tag highlights moments where Afro-Peruvian women refer to genealogies, past family histories, connecting their personal stories to an intergenerational memory.
Material conditions
Labor and economy
It refers to the discussions of jobs, types of employment, economic survival, and income-generating activities.
Education and opportunities
It refers to schooling, access to education, expectations, and barriers to social and economic mobility.
History
Colonialism and slavery
It centers on histories of the period from the Spanish conquest in 1532 through the abolition of slavery in 1854. During this time, enslaved Africans and their descendants were forced to work in mines, cities, and agricultural estates, forming the early foundations of Afro-Peruvian communities under rigid racial hierarchies.
Post-Abolition and plantation system
It centers on moments that describe how systems of labor exploitation continued after the abolition of slavery in Peru in 1854. Many Afro-Peruvians moved to work in the hacienda systems. This system refers to large agricultural estates where landowners controlled labor and resources, maintaining conditions of economic dependency and inequality despite formal freedom.
Post - Agrarian reformation References the changes after the agrarian reform in 1969, a government-led process that sought to dismantle haciendas and redistribute land to workers and rural communities. This reform aimed to reduce inequality and transform rural labor relations, significantly affecting Afro-Peruvian populations who had long worked on these estates. This period also includes broader political changes, such as expanded citizenship rights formalized in the 1979 Constitution.
More about the agrarian reformation
The tags discuss the outcomes and limitations of the agrarian reformation, including the creation of cooperatives (collective farming organizations), new forms of community leadership, and the persistence of economic inequality despite structural changes.
Afro-Peruvian culture
Music and sound
Moments featuring music, rhythm, singing, or sound as part of cultural expression.
More about Afro-Peruvian music
Scenes involving dance, movement, or staged performance. Afro-Peruvian dances
Visual representations
Images or discussions related to how Afro-Peruvian people are visually portrayed. Also, Afro-Peruvian visual art.
More about Afro-Peruvian visual representations
Other forms of cultural expression include religious traditions, culinary practices, customs, and everyday practices.
Identity-building
Self identifications
Moments where individuals define or describe themselves, including reflections on what it means to be Black or Afro-Peruvian.
Discrimination
References to experiences of racism, exclusion, stereotypes, or unequal treatment.
Community-building
References to experiences of communal interactions and communal practices between Afro-Peruvians.
Notable Afro-Peruvians
Nicomedes Santa Cruz
Afro-Peruvian artist, poet, and ethnomusicologist.
Victoria Santa Cruz
Afro-Peruvian coreographer, artist, poet, and music director.
More about Victoria Santa Cruz
"Pepe" Luciano
Susana Matute Charun Afro-Peruvian cultural activist, policy advocate, and politician.
Esther "Mamaine" Cartagena
Afro-Peruvian chef and cultural advocate.
Monica Carrillo
Afro-Peruvian journalist, poet, singer, and activist.
Eva Ayllon
Afro-Peruvian singer.
More about Notable Afro-Peruvians